These are Pathology notes on Bacteria, viruses, immune system and cancer under Biology of Disease (MDQ1BD). They will discuss the following questions:
- How bacterial toxins damage the host directly and indirectly by the immune response to bacterial infection?
- How are bacterial infections controlled by (i) the host’s immune defences (ii) antibiotics? Describe how bacteria counteract each of these controls.
- Mechanisms that pathogenic bacteria use to colonise the gastrointestinal tract, and discuss how this colonisation leads to disease.
- How virus infections can be controlled by vaccination, commenting on the merits and limitations of vaccination in relation to other control measures.
- How viruses evade innate and acquired immune responses in the infected host.
- Describe the initiation, propagation and effector functions of complement
- Activation, course, and resolution of the acute inflammatory response.
- Characteristics of autoimmune diseases and the underlying predisposing factors and pathology.
- Basis and consequences of immune hypersensitivity to foreign antigens.
- How immunological tolerance is achieved. Using examples describe how failure of self-tolerance can lead to autoimmune disease.
- How antigen-presenting cells, T cells and B cells co-operate in the generation of a high affinity antibody response.
- “Cancer is a genetic disease” – Discuss
- Colon Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Blood cancers
- Leukaemia
- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
- Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
- Chronic Lymphocytic leukaemia
- Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
- Acute Monocytic Leukaemia
- Lymphoma
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