Test Bank for Porth’s Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition by Tommie L Norris.
1. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) Bound and transmembrane proteins ✅
B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains
C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors
D) A gating system of selective ion channels
Answer: A
Feedback:
While the lipid bilayer forms the structural foundation of the plasma membrane, most of its specific functions are performed by proteins embedded within or attached to this bilayer. These include transmembrane and bound proteins that assist in transport, signaling, and structural support. Carbohydrate chains contribute to the glycocalyx, which includes surface antigens and hormone receptors, but they are not primarily responsible for membrane functions. Ion channels and receptors play roles in signaling, but the integral and peripheral proteins are the main functional units.
2. Which describes the function of the nucleus?
A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
B) It contains the genetic code for the individual. ✅
C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
Answer: B
Feedback:
The nucleus is the control center of the cell and houses the DNA, which contains the genetic blueprint for the organism. This genetic material regulates all cell functions, including growth, reproduction, and protein synthesis. Ribosomes, not the nucleus, are responsible for protein synthesis. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they transform nutrients into energy (ATP). They also play a key role in aerobic metabolism.
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